1. She began to study French five years ago.

2. It took Jack two hours to paint the window yesterday.

3. If John wasn't short, he could play basketball.

4. These cakes were made by this girl this morning.

5. She said she needed to send her document to a university in the USA.

GIẢI THÍCH:

1. S + started / began + V-ing / to-V(ở đây mik dùng began +to- V)

2. It (take) + (time) + to + (verb)

3. If + S + V2/ Ved, S +would/ Could/ Should…+ V(ĐK loại 2)

4. S + was/were + P3(bị động quá khứ)

$\text{1.}$She began to study French five years ago.

→ S + has/have + Vpp + O 

→ S + started/began + to V/V-ing + O  

$\text{2.}$It took Jack two hours to paint the window yesterday.

→ spend time doing sth = it take sb time to do sth : dành thời gian làm j 

$\text{3.}$If John wasn't short, he could play basketball.

→ Câu điều kiện loại 2 : If + S+ V(past simple) , S + would/could/... + V-inf + O 

$\text{4.}$ These cakes were made by this girl this morning.

→ Bị động thì Quá Khứ Đơn : S + was/were + Vpp + ( by O ) 

$\text{5.}$ She said she needed to send her letter to a university in the USA .

→ S + say/said + S + V(lùi 1 thì) + O 

$#Keisha$