$1. $ It has been 10 years since I last went to Ho Chi Minh city

$→$ It is/ has been + time + since + S + last + V2/ed

$→$ The last time + S + V2/ed + was + time

$2. $ I have never read such an interesting novel

$→$ This is the Superlative (...est/ most ADJ N) S + have/has +P2

$→$ S +have/ has + never + P2+ such a/an+ ADJ+ N

$3. $ I haven't been to Bangkok before

$→$ This is the first time + S +have/has+P2: Lần đầu làm gì

$→$ S+ have/ has not+ P2+ before

$4. $ I have learned English for 10 years

$→$ S + began / started + to V/ V-ing + time ago 

$→$ S + have/has + P2 / been Ving+ for / since ...

$5. $ I haven’t seen him for ages

$→$ S + have/ has not + Vp2+ for+ khoảng thời gian

$@Re$

$\text{1}$ It has been ten years since I (last) went to Ho Chi Minh City . 

→ It has been + time + since + S + (last) + Ved/cột 2 + O 

→ The last time + S + Ved/cột 2 + was + time 

$\text{2}$ I have never read such an interesting novel .

→ This is + the most + long-adj + S + has/have + ever + Vpp 

→ S + has/have + never + Vpp + such + (a/an) + adj + N 

$\text{3}$ I haven't been to Bangkok before . 

→ This is the first time + S + has/have + Vpp 

→ S + hasn't/haven't + Vpp + ... + before

$\text{4}$ I have learnt/learned English for 10 years . 

→ S + started/began + to V/V-ing + ... 

→ S + has/have + Vpp + O 

$\text{5}$ I have not seen him for ages . 

→ It has been + time + since + S + (last) + Ved/cột 2 + O 

→ S + hasn't/haven't + Vpp + O