Napoleon Bonaparte (born Napoleon di Buonaparte; 15 August 1769 – 5 May 1821), commonly known simply as Napoleon in English, was a French statesman and military leader who was led many successful campaigns during the French Revolution and the French Revolutionary War. He was Emperor of France with the title Napoleon I from 1804 to 1814 and ascended the throne in 1815 for almost 100 days. Napoleon dominated most of Europe for more than a decade, leading France against a series of alliances during the Napoleonic Wars. He won most of his battles, creating a vast empire that dominated most of mainland Europe before collapsing in 1815. He is considered one of the great military leaders. For most of world history, his battles have been studied by many military schools around the world. At the same time, Napoleon is also considered by many scholars to be one of the most controversial figures in human history.

Napoleon was born on the island of Corsica into a family of Italian aristocracy. He served as an artilleryman in the French army when the French Revolution broke out in 1789. He quickly rose through the ranks, seized the opportunity brought by the French Revolution, and became an army officer. was a high-ranking general at the age of 24. The French Council of Governors finally authorized Napoleon to lead the French army against Italy after he had crushed the Royalist rebels in the 13th Battle of Vendémiaire against the Government. government. At the age of 26, he began his first military campaigns against Austria and the king of Italy in favor of the Habsburgs and won almost all the battles, conquering the Italian peninsula in just one year and establishing Community. With the support of the local government, he became a French war hero. In 1798, he led an expeditionary army to Egypt and this became the main highlight of his later political power. Napoleon led a coup in November 1799 and became First Consul of the French Republic.

After the Treaty of Amiens in 1802, Napoleon turned his attention to the French colonies. He sold Louisiana to the United States and attempted to restore slavery in the French colonies of the Caribbean. However, while successful in restoring slavery in the Eastern Caribbean, Napoleon failed in his attempt to conquer Saint-Domingue, the colony that France once proudly called the Pearl of the Antilles. won independence under the new name of Haiti in 1804. Napoleon's ambitions and popular support pushed him further, becoming the first Emperor of France in 1804 Sharp disagreements with Britain caused France faced the Third Coalition. Napoleon broke this alliance with his victory in the Ulm Campaign and historic victories over the Russian Empire and the Austrian Empire at the Battle of Austerlitz, and this led to the fall of the Holy Roman Empire. In 1806, the Fourth Coalition led by Prussia against Napoleon. Napoleon briefly defeated Prussia at the Battles of Jena and the Battle of Auerstedt, then led his Grande Armée into Eastern Europe and defeated the Russians in June 1807 at the Battle of Friedland. France then pressed the defeated Fourth Coalition to sign the Treaty of Tilsit in July 1807. In 1809, Austria and Britain again challenged France with the campaigns of the Fifth Coalition, but Napoleon firmly established his influence. influence in Europe following his victory at the Battle of Wagram in July.

Napoleon then occupied the Iberian peninsula, hoping to expand the Continental System, stifle British trade with mainland Europe, and crown his brother Joseph Bonaparte king of Spain in 1808. Spain and Portugal rebelled against him with British support. The Peninsular War lasted 6 years, it was a guerrilla war and ended with the victory of the cooperating armies against Napoleon. The Continental System caused protracted diplomatic conflicts between France and the occupied countries, especially the Russian Empire. The Russians could not bear the economic consequences of the decline in trade and they often intervened in the French Continental System instead. France launched a major invasion of Russia in the summer of 1812. The war destroyed many Russian cities, but did not bring the decisive victory that Napoleon wanted. The main army of Napoleon Grande Armée was completely defeated, opening a new series of wars against Napoleon. In 1813, Prussia and Austria joined Russian forces in the War of the Sixth Coalition against France. The battle ended when the bulk of the Sixth Coalition defeated Napoleon at the Battle of Leipzig in October 1813, but his tactical victory at the Battle of Hanau enabled his army to return to France in time. Military Lien

The Sixth Coalition then attacked France and captured Paris in the spring of 1814, forcing Napoleon to abdicate in April. He was exiled to the island of Elba on the Tuscan coast and the Bourbon Dynasty returned to the throne. king. Napoleon secretly left Elba in February 1815 and took control of France again. The Coalition panicked to form the Seventh Coalition and defeated him at the Battle of Waterloo in June. Britain exiled him to the island of Saint Helena in the South Atlantic, where he lived for six years until his death. in 1821.

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Napoléon Bonaparte (tên khai sinh Napoleone di Buonaparte; 15 tháng 8 năm 1769 – 5 tháng 5 năm 1821), thường được gọi đơn giản là Napoléon trong tiếng Anh, là một chính khách và nhà lãnh đạo quân sự người Pháp đã lãnh đạo nhiều chiến dịch thành công trong cuộc Cách mạng Pháp và Chiến tranh Cách mạng Pháp. Ông là Hoàng đế Pháp với đế hiệu là Napoléon I từ năm 1804 đến năm 1814 và trở lại ngai vàng vào năm 1815 trong gần 100 ngày trị vì. Napoléon đã thống trị gần như toàn bộ châu Âu suốt hơn một thập kỉ khi dẫn dắt nước Pháp chống lại một loạt liên minh trong Các cuộc chiến tranh của Napoléon. Ông đã giành chiến thắng tại hầu hết những trận chiến, tạo ra một đế chế rộng lớn thống trị hầu như cả lục địa châu Âu trước khi sụp đổ vào năm 1815. Ông được xem là một trong những nhà lãnh đạo quân sự vĩ đại nhất lịch sử thế giới, những trận chiến của ông đã được nhiều trường quân sự khắp thế giới nghiên cứu. Đồng thời, Napoléon cũng được nhiều học giả đánh giá là một trong những nhân vật gây tranh cãi nhất lịch sử nhân loại

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