Topic 1, Nowadays, pollution is a popular term with everyone in the world and air pollution is one type of pollution. The definition of air pollution is one such form that refers to the contamination of the air, irrespective of indoors or outside. A physical, biological or chemical alteration to the air in the atmosphere can be termed as pollution. There are some main reasons which cause air contamination such as burning of fossil fuels, agricultural activities, exhaust from factories and industries, mining operations, and indoor air pollution. Air pollution always has bad effects on our life. Harmful gases, dust, and smoke enter into the atmosphere and make it difficult for plants, animals and humans to survive. We also can see some examples of the result of air contamination which occurs around us as global warming, acid rain, and depletion of ozone layer. The effects of air pollution are alarming, so governments over the world should have suitable policies of protecting the environment, especially air quality to create a clean world for our generation in the future.

Topic 2,Scotland is in the north of Great Britain. It's famous for its rich culture as well as its amazing natural beauty. Visitors to this land can spend endless days exploring its historic centuries old castles, the Highland Games where they can enjoy unique Scottish activities. The Scottish people have also given many of the world's important inventions like the telephone, the TV, pencillin and the raincoat. Endinburgh, the capital, was the first city in the world to have its own fire brigade in 1824

Topic 3,There are many different ways of communications, such as letters, emails, or telephone calls. However face-to-face communication still is the most efficient way to communicate among people.

First of all, face-to-face communication is indispensable in situations such as a relationship. Lovers need body contact such as a hug and a kiss, which cannot be done in letters or emails. Although lovers can use letters or emails to communicate, being apart for a long time is definitely not beneficial to a relationship. Second, face-to-face communication is the most helpful way to express people`s behavior. People need eye contact and body language to express their feelings. Sometimes they are so happy or angry that they are out of words. At these times, there is nothing more efficient to express their cheer or sadness than a big hug or dancing. If a person visits a foreign country, his language is not fluent; gesticulations might help him or her understand more quickly. He can order simply by pointing our fingers to the menu when he is in a restaurant.

Finally, by face-to-face communication people can get direct response from others. When they talk with their friends, they can immediately gain feedback from their verbal response, body language and facial expressions. Based on these responses, people know what the next step is to take, such as how to carry on the conversation. Sometimes, speaking words and body languages may not mean the same thing.

Although people can hear words through a telephone conversation from friends, people do not always know what friends really mean. This is also true in criminal inspections. Police inspectors would judge whether the suspect is telling the truth through his or her body languages; therefore, that helps quickly solving a criminal case. Thus, face-to-face communication is more perceptible and helps us understand a speaker`s true feeling better than other ways of communication.

In brief, communication is very important for us, especially face-to-face communication. Face-to-face communication is good for people to understand each other better. Also, it is more visible, more direct and more effective than any other ways.

Noise pollution or noise disturbance is noise in the environment that exceeds a certain threshold causing discomfort to people or animals. In most countries, the main source of noise pollution is from outdoor noise such as vehicles, transport, motor vehicles, airplanes and trains.[1][2] Outdoor noise is also shortened from environmental noise.

Poor urban planning can give rise to noise pollution, because next to industrial and residential buildings can lead to noise pollution in residential areas. Records relating to urban noise have been traced back to ancient Rome.[3]

Outdoor noise can be caused by machinery, construction or musical performances, especially in some workplaces. Noise-induced deafness can be caused externally (eg trains) or internally (e.g. music).

High noise levels can contribute to human cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease.[4] In some animals, excessive noise can increase the risk of death by altering predators, interfere with prey detection, breed problems, and can cause permanent hearing loss. far