A stprint copier or mimeograph (often abbreviated to mimeo) is a low-cost copier that works by tying ink through a mold onto paper. The mimeograph process should not be confused with the mental copying process. Mimeograph, along with the spirit copier and protractor, is a common technology for printing small quantities, such as in office work, classroom documents and church newsletters. The fanzines were originally printed with this technology, because it's popular and cheap. In the late 1960s, time meters, spirit copiers and protractors began to be replaced gradually by photocopying.

It is totally right to say that smartphone is one of the biggest inventions in the 20th century, because no other electric device at that period had such important impacts on people’s daily life. Most people nowadays admit that they cannot imagine the life without smartphones. It is normal for us to not watch the TV in a day, not play video games in a week, or not turn on the DVD player in a month, but I am sure that most of us cannot let go our smart phones in an hour. The first device that can at least be qualifies as a smart phone was just a complicated brick phone. It was called The Simon phone, and people had to by it with the price up to 4000 US dollars. It did not last long on the market due to the unreasonable price as well as poor quality, but it could be considered as a pioneer in the empire of smartphones. In 1996, Nokia introduced the Nokia 9000, and it was considered as one of the first smartphones. Although it did bring a whole new experience for users, it still had some disadvantages that could not satisfied the world. However, the whole concept about smart phones had changed completely with the first IPhone. Apple’s device was innovative in many ways, both in technology and design. On the other hand, Google’s Android had a much slower start. However; in the year of 2012, Android officially ruled the smartphone market all over the world. To sum up, smart phones had been invading our world in the way that we do not realize, and our lives would become much harder if we do not have this useful assistant.