`8`. Chỉ nguyên nhân : bởi vì

- because / since + mệnh đề ( = S + V ): bởi vì 

Ex: Because I was sick, I didn't go to school.

= Since I was sick, I didn't go to school.

- due to / because of + N: bởi vì

Ex: Because of the bad weather, we had to cancel the flight.

- Due to the bad weather, we had to cancel the flight.

`9`. Chỉ kết quả : vì vậy

- so + mệnh đề ( = S + V): vì vậy

Ex: He didn't study hard, so he failed.

- to cause + ST: gây ra 

Ex: Eating unhealthy food causes some serious diseases.

- to lead to + ST: dẫn đến

Ex: People throw trash into the river, which leads to water contamination.

- to result in + ST: kết quả

Ex: Deforestation results in global warming.

- to make SO/ST + V nguyên mẫu: khiến ai đó/ vật làm gì

Ex: He makes me do my homework.