37. Maria has learnt Japanese for 2 years.

`→` for

38. I received a text message from Nick yesterday.

`→` yesterday

39. Mark Twain, who wrote Tom Sawyer, was a great American writer.

`→` Mệnh đề quan hệ

40. He went out of the room without saying anything.

`→` Công thức thì HTHT :

Khẳng định: S + have/has + V3/ed + O

Phủ định: S + have/has + not + V3/ed + O

Nghi vấn: Have/has + S + V3/ed + O?

`→` Công thức thì QKD :

Đối với động từ thường :

Khẳng định : S + V2/ed + O

Phủ định : S + didn’t + V_inf + O

Nghi vấn : Did + S + V_inf + O?

Đối với động từ “to be” :

S + was/were + O

S + was/were + not + O

Was/were + S + O?

`37.` Maria has learnt Japanese for 2 years

`-` Câu ở HTHT: S + have/has + Vp.p + ..

`38.` I received a text message from Nick yesterday

`-` Câu ở QKĐ - yesterday, form: S + Ved/Vc2 + ...

`39.` Mark Twain, who wrote Tom Sawyer, was a great American writer

`-` "who" là WH_ hỏi người làm chủ ngữ 

`40.` He went out of the room without saying anything