Bài 1:

One of the problems with comparing the contributions (CONTRIBUTE) of different forms of
transport is that they all take different routes. We looked at a hypothetical journey from London
to Naples in Italy and calculated the carbon emissions (EMIT) released into the atmosphere by
making the journey by air, land and sea. We also considered some more unusual (USUAL) options. Would travelling by horse actually be carbon neutral, for example? A horse emits about 18 kg of methane a year. This is equivalent to 378 carbon units because methane is 21 times more powerful (POWER) a greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide. We can calculate the total contribution by working (WORK) out the number of days it would take to make this journey and multiplying (MULTIPLY) this by the methane emitted each day. Going on holiday by horse may appeal to cowboys, but our trip to Italy would take two months each way. Surprisingly (SURPRISE), the car is the next best choice (CHOOSE), assuming there are three people sharing (SHARE) it. But for a single trip the train would be the greenest (GREEN) option. 

Bài 2:

There is an argument (ARGUE) that recycling (RECYCLE) may have some unforeseen negative effects. Of course, it would be a major achievement (ACHIEVE) if we were able to increase awareness (AWARE) to the threat of the environment caused by pollution (POLLUTE) and the burning (BURN) of fossil fuels. However, if the public’s only involvement (INVOLVE) in ecological issues is talking their newspapers and bottles to a recycling point, we may only be creating the appearance (APPEAR) of improvement (IMPROVE).If they have to drive any distance (DISTANT) to the recycling point, for example, it might mean the consumption (CONSUME) of more energy than is saved. In addition, if people feel that they are making their contribution (CONTRIBUTE) to the environment, they might not put so much pressure (PRESS) on large organisations (ORGANISE) to encourage the development (DEVELOP) of safer, less damaging forms of production (PRODUCE)

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