III. Read the following text and decide which answer best fits each numbered blank. Industrialized countries (1) _____________ worked to reduce levels of sulphur dioxide, smog, and smoke in (2) _____________ to improve people's health. But a result, not predicted until recently, is that (3) _____________ lower sulphur dioxide levels may actually (4) _____________ global warming worse. Just as sulphur dioxide (5) _____________ volcanoes can cool the planet by blocking sunlight, cutting the amount (6) _____________ the compound in the atmosphere lets more sunlight through, warming the Earth. This effect is exaggerated (7) _____________ elevated levels of other greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trap the additional heat. Most people agree that to curb global warming, (8) _____________ variety of measures need to be taken. On a (9) _____________ level, driving and flying less, recycling, and conservation reduces a person's "carbon footprint" – the amount of carbon dioxide a person is responsible for (10) _____________ into the atmosphere. 1. A. has B. have C. had D. having 2. A. direction B. demand C. instruction D. order 3. A. a B. an C. the D. one 4. A. make B. do C. go D. move 5. A. in B. within C. to D. from 6. A. on B. of C. with D. under 7. A. what B. when C. which D. where 8, A. a B. an C. the D. one 9. A. person B. people C. personal D. personally 10. A. to put B. put C. putting D. puts IV. Read the following text and use the words given in the box to fill in the blanks. us different nature due to waste chemicals and why However dead With the rise of concrete buildings and roads, one part of the Earth that we rarely see is the soil. It has many (1) _____________ names, such as dirt, mud and ground. However, it is definitely very important to (2) _____________. The plants that feed us grow in soil (3) _____________ keeping it healthy is essential to maintaining a beautiful planet. (4) _____________, like all other forms of nature, soil also suffers from pollution. The pollution of soil is a common thing these days, and it happens (5)_____________ the presence of man-made elements. The main reason (6) _____________ the soil becomes contaminated is due to the presence of man-made waste. The waste produced from (7) _____________ itself such as (8) _____________ plants, carcasses of animals and rotten fruits and vegetables only adds to the fertility of the soil. However, our (9) _____________ products are full of (10) _____________ that are not originally found in nature and lead to soil pollution. V. Read the following text and answer the questions below. The effects of air pollution are alarming. They are known to create several respiratory and heart conditions along with Cancer, among other threats to the body. Several millions are known to have died due to direct or indirect effects of Air pollution. Children in areas exposed to air pollutants are said to commonly suffer from pneumonia and asthma. Another direct effect is the immediate alterations that the world is witnessing due to Global warming. With increased temperatures worldwide, increase in sea levels and melting of ice from colder regions and icebergs, displacement and loss of habitat have already signalled an impending disaster if actions for preservation and normalization aren't undertaken soon. Harmful gases like nitrogen oxides and sulphur oxides are released into the atmosphere during the burning of fossil fuels. When it rains, the water droplets combine with these air pollutants, becomes acidic and then falls on the ground in the form of acid rain. Acid rain can cause great damage to human, animals and crops. 1. What problems does air pollution create? ____________________________________________________________________ 2. How many people are known to have died due to effects of air pollution? ____________________________________________________________________ 3. What is the reason for the increase in sea levels and melting of ice? ____________________________________________________________________ 4. What gases can the burning of fossil fuel create? 5. How does acid rain form? ____________________________________________________________________