Exercise 4: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) CLOSEST in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. Question 41: The changes currently being monitored are said to be the result not of natural causes, but of human activity. Furthermore, the rate of change is becoming alarmingly rapid. A. disapprovingly B. disappointingly C. surprisingly D. worryingly Question 42: Rising global temperatures could give rise to such ecological disasters as extremely high increases in the incidence of flooding and of droughts. A. rate B. frequency C. prevalence D. phase Question 43: Having treated the environment irresponsibly, humans now have to suffer the effects of global warming. A. clumsily B. unthinkingly C. tactlessly D. recklessly Question 44: Having been informed about the bad effects of chemical fertilizers, the farmers started using them sparingly on their farms. A. carelessly B. moderately C. recklessly D. irresponsibly Question 45: Having learnt that humans are responsible for global warming, we were determined to reduce our carbon footprint. A. evaporation B. mitigation C. emission D. alleviation Question 46: Most people admit that they contribute to global warming. A. be partly responsible for B. disapprove C. neglect D. cause Question 47: In the polluted environment, infectious diseases can be passed easily from one person to another. A. fatal B. safe C. contagious D. immune Question 48: Local people have cut down the forests to make way for farming. A. allow farming to take place B. lose way in farming C. have a way of farming D. give way to farming Question 49: Global warming is one of the biggest issues facing humans nowadays. A. causes B. factors C. concerns D. agreements Question 50: The process of forests absorbing carbon dioxide from the atmosphere has been disrupted by the current alarming rate of deforestation. A. discussed B. discovered C. disturbed D. distributed Exercise 5: Mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the word(s) OPPOSITE in meaning to the underlined word(s) in each of the following questions. Question 51: The factory was heavily fined for having dumped tons of toxic waste into the river. A. rewarded B. punished C. sentenced D. awarded Question 52: Adaptation - adapting to life in a changing climate - involves adjusting-to actual or expected future climate. A. adopting B. maintaining C. changing D. balancing Question 53: Global warming occurs when the greenhouse gases in the atmosphere trap the heat from the sun. A. catch B. discharge C. capture D. arrest Question 54: Deforestation is one of the biggest environmental threats to the ecological balance in the world. A. sureties B. certainties C. dangers D. safety Question 55: As fossil fuel resources are running out, it is important for the government to find some types of alternative energy. A. irreplaceable B. substitute C. impossible D. practical Question 56: Reusing and recycling glass, plastic, paper and other products help to reduce waste and pollution, and conserve natural resources. A. damage B. reserve C. converse D. reverse Question 57: Farmers turned to bio-fertilizers after they had been told about the dangers of chemical fertilizers. A. trusted B. disbelieved C. counted on D. depended on Question 58: Some scientists are accused of not having reported the effects of climate change. A. exonerated B. blamed C. charged D. complained Question 59: They were criticized for having acted irresponsibly towards the environment. A. blamed B. commended C. condemned D. denounced Question 60: It is important to raise money to help people who have to suffer consequences of global warming. A. collect B. donate C. sponsor D. distribute