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Respiration is an essential life process that involves a gaseous exchange of the body. It provides the cells with oxygen that plays an important role in many metabolic processes of cells. Also, it results in the removal of carbon dioxide gas from the body which can be toxic. The respiration takes place by some special organs of the body. These include the lungs cavity and the nasal cavity predominantly. The respiratory system is a complex system that operates rhythmically.

The respiration process generates energy through the breakdown of glucose molecules. The oxygen that we inhale is transported to various body cells where it helps in the burning or breakdown of food. The glucose is produced which is employed in ATP (Adenosine Triphosphate) production that is used as energy by the cells.

The various components of the Human respiratory system are as follows:

The nose is the first organ that initiates the cycle of respiration by inhaling and terminates by exhaling. It is composed of two openings called nostrils that are external and are divided by septum. Tiny hair follicles are present in nostril cavities to filter unwanted pathogens and dirt particles. The next organ is the larynx. These are two cartilaginous chords situated at the joining point of the pharynx and trachea. It is referred to as Adam’s apple or voice box. It is responsible for the production of sound. After the larynx, there is a wide hollow space called the pharynx. The nasal chambers of the nose open up directly into the pharynx. Thus, it is a pathway for air but also it serves as a path for food. It includes elastic cartilage called the epiglottis that prevents the food from entering the windpipe. Below the pharynx is the trachea or windpipe. It is a tubular cartilaginous structure that consists of C-shaped rings that harden it and controls its expansion. It divides into two in the breastbone region. These two splits of the trachea are called Bronchi. Bronchi are the tubes that finally enter the lungs. These tubes further divide to form secondary tubules called bronchioles in each of the lungs. These further divide into minute tubules that terminate in a sac-like structure called alveoli. Now, alveoli are the main structures that take part in gaseous exchange. The alveoli are minute sacs and have thin single-celled walls through which oxygen and carbon dioxide are exchanged through diffusion. Thus, the lungs are the major organ that acts as a center of respiration.

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