`1`

`(+)`She has bought many pens recently 

`->` Many pens have been bought recently 

`(-)` She hasn't bought many pens recently 

`->` Many pens haven't been bought recently 

`(?)` Has she bought many pens recently ?

`->` Have many pens been bought recently ?

`2`

`(+)` You have written an English letter lately

`->` An English letter has been written lately

`(-)` You haven't written an English letter lately

`->` An English hasn't been written lately

`(?)` Have you written an English letter lately?

`->` Has an English been written lately ?

`3`

`(+)` She has just collected many old books

`->` Many old books have just been collected 

`(-)` She hasn't just collected many old books

`->` Many old books haven't just been collected 

`(?)` Has she just collected many old books ?

`->` Have many old books just been collected ?

`=>` Thì hiện tại hoàn thành :

$Active$

`+` S + have/has + PII 

`-` S + have/has + not + PII

`?` Have/Has + S + PII ?

$Passive$

`+` S + have/has + been + PII (by.......)

`-` S + have/has + not + been + PII (by.........)

`?` Have/Has + S + been + PII (by......)?

$@T$
$#Hoidap247$

1.(-)she has not bought many pens recantly                                                                     (?)has she been bought...                                                                                              2.(-)you have not written englissh leter lately                                                                     (+)                                                                                                                                 3.(-)he has not just collect many old books                                                                        (?)has he been collected many old books