What does the passage mainly discuss? A. How leadership differs in small

Câu hỏi :

Read the following passage and mark the letter A, B, C, or D on your answer sheet to indicate the correct answer to each of the following questions from 43 to 50.

According to sociologists, there are several different ways in which a person may become recognized as the leader of a social group in the United States. In the family, traditional cultural patterns confer leadership on one or both of the parents. In other cases, such as friendship groups, one or more persons may gradually emerge as leaders, although there is no formal process of selection. In larger groups, leaders are usually chosen formally through election or recruitment.

Although leaders are often thought to be people with unusual personal ability, decades of research have failed to produce consistent evidence that there is any category of “natural leaders.” It seems that there is no set of personal qualities that all leaders have in common; rather, virtually any person may be recognized as a leader if the person has qualities that meet the needs of that particular group.

Furthermore, although it is commonly supposed that social groups have a single leader, research suggests that there are typically two different leadership roles that are held by different individuals. Instrumental leadership is leadership that emphasizes the completion of tasks by a social group. Group members look to instrumental leaders to “get things” done. Expressive leadership, on the other hand, is leadership that emphasizes the collective well¬being of a social group’s member. Expressive leader are less concerned with the overall goals of the group than with providing emotional support to group members and attempting to minimize tension and conflict among them. Group members expect expressive leaders to maintain stable relationships within the group and provide support to individual members. Instrumental leaders are likely to have a rather secondary relationship to other group members. They give orders and may discipline group members who inhibit attainment of the groups goals. Expressive leaders cultivate a more personal or primary relationship to others in the group. They offer sympathy when someone experiences difficulties or is subjected to discipline, are quick to lighten a serious moment with humor, and try to resolve issues that threaten to divide the group. As the differences in these two roles suggest, expressive leaders generally receive more personal affection from group members; instrumental leaders, if they are successful in promoting group goals, may enjoy a more distant respect.

What does the passage mainly discuss?


A. How leadership differs in small and large groups



B. The role of leaders in social groups


C. The problems faced by leaders

D. How social groups determine who will lead them

* Đáp án

B

* Hướng dẫn giải

Đáp án B

Câu hỏi: Bài viết tập trung thảo luận vấn đề gì?

A. Cách thức mà sự lãnh đạo khác nhau trong các nhóm nhỏ và nhóm lớn.

B. Vai trò của người lãnh đạo trong các nhóm xã hội.

C. Các vấn đề mà các nhà lãnh đạo phải đối mặt.

D. Cách thức mà các nhóm xã hội tìm ra ai là người lãnh đạo họ.

Nội dung cả bài xoay quanh thảo luận về người lãnh đạo trong nhóm, vai trò và cách thức lãnh đạo. Đáp án đúng là B.

Loại A và D vì chỉ là ý nhỏ của đoạn 1; loại C do không đề cập nhiều trong bài

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