23/. My mother began cooking for the party an hour ago.

→ My mother has begun cooking for the party for an hour.

S + have/has + Ved/3 + for/since + time.

24/. “I can do something to help you,” Susan said to Michael.

→ Susan offered doing something to help Michael.

offer sth to sbd

25/. We wanted to take a break. However, our teacher didn’t allow.

→ Our teacher didn’t let us take a break.

let sb do sth : cho ai đó làm gì

26/. I don’t have ticket. I won’t be able to go to the concert tomorrow.

→ Not having ticket, I won’t be able to go to the concert tomorrow.

* V-ing ở đầu câu là danh động từ, làm chủ ngữ, nhấn mạnh câu.