Unit 16 lớp 11 Reading - Bài dịch The wonders of the world

1. Can you name these two wonders of the world? (Em có thể gọi tên 2 kỳ quan trong hình không?)
2. Where do you think they are located? (Theo em chúng nằm ở đâu?)
3. What do you know about them? (Em biết gì về chúng?)

Guide to answer

1. These two wonders are Great Pyramid Cheop (Khufu), and the Taj Mahal.
2. The Great pyramid Cheop is in Cairo, Egypt, and the Taj Mahal in India.
3. They were built as tombs for their royal families. The Great Pyramid was built over 4000 years ago. And the Taj Mahal was built from 1630 to 1652 by an Indian king.

Read the passage and then do the tasks that follow. (Đọc đoạn văn và làm bài tập bên dưới)

The words in the box all appear in the passage. Fill each blank with a suitable word. (Những từ trong khung xuất hiện trong đoạn văn. Điền vào chỗ trống một từ thích hợp.)

mysterious           ramp               tomb

chamber             spiral               wonder

1. Last week we paid a visit to the _____ of an unknown mandarin.
2. The movie was about a _____ of the world.
3. A _______ is needed at the exit and entrance for wheelchairs users.
4. The Queen's private ________ is not opened to public.
5. It’s not known why Beson disappeared in _______ circumstances.
6. A snail’s shell is ______ in form.

Guide to answer

1. Last week we paid a visit to the tomb of an unknown mandarin. (Tuần trước, chúng tôi đi thăm lăng mộ của một vị quan vô danh.)
2. The movie was about a wonder of the world. (Bộ phim có nội dung về một kì quan thế giới.)
3. A ramp is needed at the exit and entrance for wheelchairs users. (Đường dốc cần có ở cửa ra vào cho những người dùng xe lăn.)
4. The Queen's private chamber is not opened to public. (Phòng ngủ riêng của Nữ hoàng không được mở cửa công khai.)
5. It’s not known why Beson disappeared in mysterious circumstances. (Không biết tại sao Beson biến mất trong hoàn cảnh bí ẩn.)
6. A snail’s shell is spiral in form. (Vỏ ốc sên có hình dạng xoắn.)

Answer the following questions. (Trả lời những câu hỏi sau)

1. Where is the Great Pyramid of Giza situated and when was it built? (Kim tự tháp Giza nằm ở đâu và nó được xây dựng khi nào?
2. How high and large was the Great Pyramid of Giza? (Kim tự tháp Giza có chiều cao và rộng bao nhiêu?)
3. What was the purpose of this huge stone pyramid? (Mục đích của kim tự tháp đá khổng lồ này là gì?)
4. How did the people of ancient Egypt build the Great Pyramid? (Những người Ai Cập cổ đại đã xây dựng Kim tự tháp như thế nào?)
5. According to the passage, what is the boat believed to have been used for? (Theo như bài đọc, chiếc thuyền được cho là dùng để làm gì?)

Guide to answer

1. It is situated on the west bank of the River Nile and was built around the year 2560 BC. 
2. It was about 147 meters high on a base of 230 meters square. 
3. The purpose of this huge stone pyramid was to serve as a tomb when the Egyptian Pharaoh Khufu died and to protect the burial chamber from the weather and from thieves who might try to steal the treasures and belongings there. 
4. It is thought that ancient Egyptians used straight or spiral ramps or huge weight arms to lift and place the blocks of stone. 
5. The boat is believed to have been used to carry the body of Khufu in his last journey on earth before being buried inside the pyramid.

Scan the text and say what the following words refer to. (Đọc lướt đoạn văn và nói những từ sau chỉ gì?)

who (line 4) __________

it (line 8) _________

It (line 9) _________

each (line 12) ________

Guide to answer

who (line 4) refers to the thieves

it (line 8) refers to the Great Pyramid 

It (line 9) refers to the Great Pyramid

each (line 12) refers to the block of stone

Work in pairs. Discuss the question: "Which of the wonders of the world do you prefer and why?" (Làm việc theo cặp. Thảo luận câu hỏi: "Kỳ quan thế giới nào em thích? Tại sao?)
 

Guide to answer

A: Which of the wonders of the world do you prefer?

B: Among many wonders of the world, I like Ha Long Bay in Quang Ninh province, Vietnam.

A: Can you tell me the reason?

B: Yah, Ha Long Bay is recognized one of the wonders of modern world. It is the pride of Vietnamese. 

Kim Tự Tháp Giza.

Kim Tự Tháp Giza do đức vua Ai Cập Khufu xây khoảng năm 2560 trước công nguyên. Kim Tự Tháp khổng lồ bằng đá này có mục đích dùng làm lăng tẩm khi ông băng hà và để bảo vệ khu vực mộ khỏi sự tàn phá của thời tiết và bởi những tên trộm có thể lấy đi kho báu và đồ đạc được chôn theo ở đó. Người ta tin là Kim Tự Tháp đã được xây dựng trong thời gian hơn 20 năm. Nơi xây dựng được chuẩn bị trước rồi đến hàng khối đá được vận chuyển tới và dựng lên. Khi được xây dựng xong, Kim Tự Tháp cao 147 mét, đặt trên một nền vuông có diện tích 230 mét vuông. Nó được xếp vào loại cấu trúc cao nhất trên trái đất trong hơn 43 thế kỷ, và chỉ bị thua về chiều cao vào thế kỷ 19 sau công nguyên, cấu trúc này bao gồm khoảng 2 triệu khối đá, mỗi khối cân nặng chừng 2,5 tấn. Người ta cho rằng số lượng khối đá dùng xây 3 Kim tự Tháp đó đủ để xây một bức tường cao 3 mét và dày 0,3.mét quanh nước Pháp. Mặc dù người ta không biết bằng cách nào các khối đá đã được dựng lên vào vị trí, nhưng có nhiều giả thuyết được đưa ra. Một giả thuyết cho rằng có một đường dốc thẳng hay hình xoắn ốc được dựng lên khi tiến hành xây Kim Tự Tháp. Giả thuyết thứ nhì cho rằng các khối đá được nâng lên và đặt vào vị trí do hàng ngàn đòn tay khổng lồ. Ngày nay Kim Tự Tháp Giza bị đóng cửa, cùng với các Kim Tự Tháp khác ở khu du lịch của Cao Nguyên Giza trên bờ tây sông Nile. Cũng trong khu vực ấy có viện bảo tàng nơi đặt chiếc thuyền Mặt Trời, chỉ vừa được khám phá năm 1954 gần cạnh phía nam của Kim Tự Tháp. Chiếc thuyền được tin là đã được dùng để vận chuyển thi hài đức vua Khufu trong chuyến du hành cuối cùng của ông trên mặt đất trước khi được chôn cất vào bên trong Kim Tự Tháp.

Taj Mahal, a mausoleum in Agra, India, regarded as one of the most beautiful buildings in the world. The Mughal emperor Shah Jahan had it built in memory of his wife, Arjumand Banu Bagam, known as Mumtaz Mahal (Persian for "Elect of the Palace"), who died in 1631.

Building commenced about 1632. The mausoleum was complete by about 1643 and the surrounding complex of buildings and gardens was com---WebKitFbout 1653. Situated on the southern bank of the Yamuna River, the white marble mausoleum is composed of four identical facades, each containing a large central arch 33 m (108 ft) high. A large bulb-shaped dome, over 73 m (240 ft) tall, rises over the center, with four smaller domes surrounding it. The building is raised on a square podium with a minaret at each corner. It is flanked by two red sandstone buildings-a mosque and its replica, the Jawab (Answer), a building of which the main function is visual balance. Visitors approach the Taj Mahal through an imposing red sandstone gate, decorated with inscriptions from the Muslim holy book, the Qur'an (Koran). The gate and accompanying walls also contain a vast, geometrically laid out garden, 305 m (1,002 ft) on each side. The enclosed garden, itself a Muslim symbol of paradise, is centered on a large, raised pool. Canals divide it into four equal parts, each containing flower beds, fountains, and cypress trees (symbols of death).

Inside theTaj Mahal, the tomb of Mumtaz Mahal stands at the center of an octagonal hall, while the slightly larger tomb of Shah Jahan, who died in 1666, is off to one side. Both are elaborately carved and inlaid with semiprecious stones, illuminated by sunlight filtering through an elaborately carved marble screen that is also studded with jewels.ey were bu>1. What is the Taj Mahal?

a. A temple             b. A monument         c. A tomb                 d. A shrine

2. Which of the following is not true?

a. The Taj Mahal was built by the Mughah emperor Shah Jahan.

b. It took approximately 20 years to complete the mausoleum.

c. The front of the building is similar in all sides.

d. The mausoleum has four domes around it.

3. The word 'minaret' in line 11 is closest in meaning to ______.

a. tower                  b. mosque                     c. altar                          d. statue

4. The Jawab ______.

a. is a mosque where people worship

b. has a main function of decorating.

c. was decorated with inscriptions from the Koran

d. was built by red stones

5. According to the passage, which of the folwer

a. The garden of the Taj Mahal is a Muslim symbol of paradise.

b. In beauty of design and rich decorative detail, Taj Mahal is one of the best buildings in the world.

c. The Mughah emperor Shah Jahan died 35 years after his wife.

d. The tombs of Shah Jahan's and his wife are located at the center of the mausoleum.

Key

Như vậy là các em đã xem qua bài giảng phần Reading Unit 16 The wonders of the world chương trình Tiếng Anh lớp 11 về chủ đề kỳ quan thế giới. Để phát triển kỹ năng đọc hiểu về đề tài các kỳ quan nổi tiếng trên thế giới mời các em tham gia thực hành Trắc nghiệm Unit 16 lớp 11 Reading.

• Câu 1: Exercise 1: Read the passage carefully, then choose the correct answer. The ruined temples of Angkor are perhaps one of the mast impressive Seven Wonders of the World. Located in modern day Cambodia near Lake TonIe Sap, the largest freshwater lake in Asia, Angkor was the seat of power for the Khmer Empire from the ninth to the fifteenth century. The ruins of Angkor are documented as same .of the mast impressive ones in the world, rivaling the pyramids of Giza in Egypt. Why this mighty civilization died out is a question that archeologists are now only beginning to ponder. The answer, it turns out, may be linked with the availability of fresh water. One possible explanation far the downfall of the Khmer Empire has to do with the inhabitants' irrigation system. The temple and palaces of Angkor were constructed around a series of artificial reservoirs and canals which were annually flooded to capacity by the Mekong River. Once filled, they were used to irrigate the surrounding rice patties and farmland during the course of the year. Farmers were completely dependent upon the water for their crucial rice crop. Without consistent irrigation, the farmers would have been unable to maintain functional crop production. Scientists speculate that toward the end of the Khmer Empire the hydraulic systems of the reservoirs and canals broke down. The construction of hundreds of sandstone temples and palaces required an enormous amount of physical labor. In addition, as the capital of the Khmer Empire, Angkor contained upwards of one hundred thousand people who resided in and around Angkor. In order to feed so many people, the local farmers were driven to grow food quicker and more efficiently. After centuries of continual use, the irrigation system was pushed beyond its capacity. Soil erosion, nutrient depletion, and the loss of water led to decrease in the food supply. With less food available, the people of Angkor slowly began to migrate to other parts of Cambodia thus leaving the marvelous city of Angkor to be swallowed by the jungle. Therefore, it is speculated that the Khmer Empire may have fallen victim to its own decrepit infrastructure.

  What is the passage mainly about?

  • A. Modern day agricultural procedures in Cambodia.
  • B. A possible explanation for the, decline of a civilization.
  • C. The essential role water plays in farming.
  • D. Religious temples of the ancient Khmer Empire.

• Câu 2:

  The passage preceding the passage most likely discusses ______.

  • A. architecture of ancient Asian civilization
  • B. religious practices of the people of Angkor
  • C. the form of government practiced by the Khmer Empire
  • D. the other six wonders of the world

• Câu 3:

  According to the passage, Lake Tonle Sap in Cambodia ______.

  • A. is an enormous fresh body of water in Asia
  • B. was unable to supply enough fish for the people of Angkor
  • C. became polluted due to a population explosion
  • D. is one of the Seven Wonders of the World

• Câu 4:

  Why does the author mention the hydraulic systems of the reservoirs?

  • A. They supplied irrigation from the Indian Ocean.
  • B. They became non-functional due to overuse.
  • C. They were destroyed by nearby warrior tribes.
  • D. They helped transport the sandstones for constructing temples.

• Câu 5:

  It can be inferred from the passage that the inhabitants of the Khmer Empire ______.

  • A. were intentionally starved by the farmers
  • B. lost their food source due to excess rainfall
  • C. supplemented their diets with 'meat hunted in the nearby jungles
  • D. depended upon rice as their main source of food

• Câu 6:

  All the following are mentioned as events that can affect food supply EXCEPT.

  • A. erosion of soil
  • B. contamination of soil
  • C. reduction of nutrients
  • D. loss of water supply

• Câu 7: Exercise 2: Choose the word or phrase that best fits the blank space. The building of the pyramid in Ancient Egypt obviously (7) ______ a vast labour force, but the (8) ______ image of gangs of Egyptians being forced to work is probably incorrect. In fact it seems that though prisoners of war did some of the heavy work and the maintenance jobs, most of the (9) ______ labourers were farmers who worked during the flood periods when farming was (10) ______ anyway. The labourers were probably paid (11) _____ food - because money did not yet (12) _____ and organised in groups with (13) _____ names such as 'Hardworking Gang' or 'Strong Gang'. (14) ______ the traditional picture of thousands of slaves being struck with whips is unlikely to be "true, paintings do show supervisors carrying metre-long sticks which were not simply (15) ______ of office. One architect, Nekhebu, (16) ______ that he never hit a workman (17) ______ enough to knock him down. The Greek historian Herodotus gave traditional figures for the work force of one of the pyramids as 100;000 men replaced (18) ______ three months for a period of 20 years. It is impossible to prove or disprove these figures, but they had doubtless been (19) ______ overestimated. Housing that was found in the desert (20) ______ the west of one of the pyramids would have accommodated a (21) ______ work force of no more than 4000.

   

   

   

  • A. consumed
  • B. required
  • C. requested
  • D. demanded

Câu 8 - Câu 21: Xem trắc nghiệm để thi online

Nếu có gì chưa hiểu các em có thể đặt câu hỏi với cộng đồng Tiếng Anh HOCTAP247 ở mục hỏi đáp để được giải đáp nhanh nhất. Sau bài học này các em chuyển qua bài học mới Unit 16 The wonders of the world - Speaking kế tiếp. Chúc các em học tốt!