Trong không gian Oxyz, cho hai vecto u=(1;4;1)

Phương pháp giải:

Cho hai vecto \[\vec a\left( {{x_1};{\mkern 1mu} {\mkern 1mu} {y_1};{\mkern 1mu} {\mkern 1mu} {z_1}} \right),{\mkern 1mu} {\mkern 1mu} {\mkern 1mu} \vec b = \left( {{x_2};{\mkern 1mu} {\mkern 1mu} {y_2};{\mkern 1mu} {\mkern 1mu} {z_2}} \right).\] Khi đó $\alpha \mathrm{ }=\mathrm{\angle }(\overrightarrow{a};\overrightarrow{b})$ có:

$\cos \alpha \mathrm{ }=\frac{\overrightarrow{a}.\overrightarrow{b}}{\left|\overrightarrow{a}\right|.\left|\overrightarrow{b}\right|}=\frac{x_1{x}_2+y_1{y}_2+z_1{z}_2}{\sqrt{x_1^2+y_1^2+z_1^2}.\sqrt{x_2^2+y_2^2+z_2^2}}.$

Giải chi tiết:

Cho hai vecto \[\vec u = \left( {1;{\mkern 1mu} {\mkern 1mu} 4;{\mkern 1mu} {\mkern 1mu} 1} \right)\] và \[\vec v = \left( { - 1;{\mkern 1mu} {\mkern 1mu} 1; - 3} \right)\]

\[ \Rightarrow \cos \left( {\vec u,{\mkern 1mu} {\mkern 1mu} \vec v} \right) = \frac{{1.\left( { - 1} \right) + 4.1 + 1.\left( { - 3} \right)}}{{\sqrt {{1^2} + {4^2} + {1^2}} .\sqrt {{{\left( { - 1} \right)}^2} + {1^2} + {{\left( { - 3} \right)}^2}} }} = 0\]

\[ \Rightarrow \angle \left( {\vec u,{\mkern 1mu} {\mkern 1mu} \vec v} \right) = {90^0}.\]