Phân tích các đa thức sau thành nhân tử:
a) \(x^2 + 4x –y2 + 4\)
b) \(3x^2 + 6xy + 3y^2 – 3z^2\)
c) \(x^2 – 2xy + y^2 – z^2 + 2zt – t^2\)
a) \(x^2 + 4x – y^2 + 4 = (x^2 + 4x + 4) - y^2\)
\(= (x + 2)^2 – y^2 \)
\(= (x + 2 + y)(x + 2 – y)\)
b) \(3x^2 + 6xy + 3y^2 – 3z^2 = 3[x^2 + 2xy + y^2 – z^2]\)
\(= 3[(x^2 + 2xy + y^2) – z^2]\)
\(= 3[(x + y)2 – z2]\)
\( = 3(x + y – z)(x + y + z)\)
c) \(x^2 – 2xy + y^2 – z^2 + 2zt – t^2 = (x^2 – 2xy + y^2) – (z^2 – 2zt + t^2)\)
\( = (x – y)^2 – (z – t)^2\)
\( = [(x – y) – (z – t)] . [(x – y) + (z – t)]\)
\( = (x – y – z + t)(x – y + z – t)\)
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