A. 33,526%
B. 52,636%
C. 32,453%
D. 30,083%
C
Đáp án C
\(\underbrace {X\left\{ \begin{array}{l} Fe\\ Fe{(N{O_3})_2}\\ Al \end{array} \right.}_{11,2648(gam)} \to \left\{ \begin{array}{l} Y\left\{ \begin{array}{l} F{e^{2 + }}\\ F{e^{3 + }}\\ NH_4^ + :a\,\,(mol) \to \downarrow \underbrace {\left\{ \begin{array}{l} AgCl\\ Ag \end{array} \right.}_{(72,2092\,\,gam)}\\ A{l^{3 + }}\\ C{l^ - } \end{array} \right.\\ Z\left\{ \begin{array}{l} {N_2}:0,02\\ {H_2}:0,01 \end{array} \right.(mol) + {H_2}O \end{array} \right.\)
Ta có các phản ứng sau:
\(\begin{array}{l} 12{H^ + } + 2NO_3^ - + 10e \to {N_2} + 6{H_2}O\\ 0,24\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,0,02\,\,\,\,0,12 \end{array}\)
\(\begin{array}{l} 10{H^ + } + NO_3^ - + 8e \to NH_4^ + + 3{H_2}O\\ 10a\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,a\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,3a\,\,\,\,\,\,mol \end{array}\)
\(\begin{array}{l} 2{H^ + } + 2e \to {H_2} \uparrow \\ 0,02\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,\,0,01\,\,\,\,mol \end{array}\)
\( \to {n_{HCl}} = 0,26 + 10a = {n_{C{l^ - }}} = {n_{AgCl}}\)
\( \to {n_{{H_2}O}} = 0,12 + 3a\)
Bảo toàn khối lượng:
\(\begin{array}{l} 11,2468 + 36,5.(0,26 + 10a) = 24,2348 + 0,02.28 + 0,01.2 + 18.(0,12 + 3a)\\ \to a = 0,02 \to {n_{C{l^ - }}} = 0,26 + 10a = 0,46 = {n_{AgCl}}\\ {n_{Ag}} = \frac{{72,2092 - 0,46.143,5}}{{108}} = 0,0574\,\,(mol)\\ F{e^{2 + }} + A{g^ + } \to Ag + F{e^{3 + }}\\ \to {n_{F{e^{2 + }}}} = {n_{Ag}} = 0,0574\,(mol) \end{array}\)
Bảo toàn điện tích dung dịch Y: \(2{n_{F{e^{2 + }}}} + 3{n_{F{e^{3 + }}}} + {n_{NH_4^ + }} + 3{n_{A{l^{3 + }}}} = {n_{C{l^ - }}}\)
\(\begin{array}{l} \to 3{n_{F{e^{3 + }}}} + 3{n_{A{l^{3 + }}}} = 0,3252\,\,mol\left( 1 \right)\\ {m_{muoi}} = 56.{n_{F{e^{3 + }}}} + 56.{n_{F{e^{2 + }}}} + 18.{n_{NH_4^ + }} + 27.{n_{A{l^{3 + }}}} + 35,5.{n_{C{l^ - }}}\\ \to 56.{n_{F{e^{3 + }}}} + 27.{n_{A{l^{3 + }}}} = 4,3304\left( 2 \right) \end{array}\)
Giải (1), (2) \( \to \left\{ \begin{array}{l} {n_{F{e^{3 + }}}} = 0,0484\\ {n_{A{l^{3 + }}}} = 0,06 \end{array} \right.(mol) \to \% {m_{FeC{l_3}}} = \frac{{0,0484.162,5}}{{24,2348}}.100\% = 32,453\% \)
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