Rút gọn các biểu thức sau:
a) \( \dfrac{y}{x}.\sqrt{\dfrac{x^{2}}{y^{4}}}\) với \(x > 0,\ y ≠ 0\);
b) 2\( y^{2}\).\( \sqrt{\dfrac{x^{4}}{4y^{2}}}\) với \(y < 0\);
c) \(5xy. \sqrt{\dfrac{25x^{2}}{y^{6}}}\) với \(x < 0,\ y > 0\);
d) \( 0,2x^{3}y^{3}.\sqrt{\dfrac{16}{x^{4}y^{8}}}\) với \(x ≠ 0,\ y ≠ 0\).
+) \(\sqrt{\dfrac{a}{b}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{a}}{\sqrt{b}}\), với \(a \ge 0,\ b >0\).
+) \(\sqrt{a^2}=|a|\).
+) \(|a| =a\), nếu \(a \ge 0\).
\(|a|=-a\), nếu \(a <0\).
+) \(a^{m.n}=a^m.a^n\), với \(m,\ n \in \mathbb{N}\).
Lời giải chi tiết
a) Ta có:
\(\dfrac{y}{x}.\sqrt{\dfrac{x^{2}}{y^{4}}}=\dfrac{y}{x}.\dfrac{\sqrt{x^2}}{\sqrt{y^{4}}}\)
\(=\dfrac{y}{x}.\dfrac{\sqrt{x^2}}{\sqrt{(y^2)^2}}=\dfrac{y}{x}.\dfrac{|x|}{|y^2|}\)
Vì \(x> 0\) nên \(|x|=x\).
Vì \(y \ne 0\) nên \(y^2 > 0 \Rightarrow |y^2|=y^2\).
\(\Rightarrow \dfrac{y}{x}.\dfrac{|x|}{|y^2|} =\dfrac{y}{x}.\dfrac{x}{y^2}=\dfrac{y}{x}.\dfrac{x}{y.y}=\dfrac{1}{y}\).
Vậy \(\dfrac{y}{x}.\sqrt{\dfrac{x^{2}}{y^{4}}}=\dfrac{1}{y}\).
b) Ta có:
\(2y^2.\sqrt{\dfrac{x^{4}}{4y^{2}}}=2y^2.\dfrac{\sqrt{x^4}}{\sqrt{4y^2}}=2y^2.\dfrac{\sqrt{(x^2)^2}}{\sqrt{2^2.y^2}}\)
\(=2y^2.\dfrac{\sqrt{(x^2)^2}}{\sqrt{(2y)^2}}=2y^2.\dfrac{|x^2|}{|2y|}\)
Vì \(x^2 \ge 0 \Rightarrow |x^2|=x^2\).
Vì \(y<0\) nên \(2y < 0 \Rightarrow |2y|=-2y\)
\(\Rightarrow 2y^2.\dfrac{|x^2|}{|2y|}=2y^2.\dfrac{x^2}{-2y}=\dfrac{2y^2.x^2}{-2y}\)
\(=\dfrac{x^2.y.2y}{-2y}=-x^2y\).
Vậy \(2y^2.\sqrt{\dfrac{x^{4}}{4y^{2}}}=-x^2y\).
c) Ta có:
\(5xy.\sqrt{\dfrac{25x^{2}}{y^{6}}}=5xy.\dfrac{\sqrt{25x^2}}{\sqrt{y^6}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{5^2.x^2}}{\sqrt{(y^3)^2}}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{(5x)^2}}{\sqrt{(y^3)^2}}=5xy.\dfrac{|5x|}{|y^3|}\)
Vì \(x<0 \Rightarrow |5x| = - 5x\)
Vì \(y>0 \Rightarrow y^3 >0 \Rightarrow |y^3|=y^3\).
\( \Rightarrow 5xy.\dfrac{|5x|}{|y^3|}=5xy.\dfrac{-5x}{y^3}=\dfrac{5xy.(-5x)}{y^3}\)
\(=\dfrac{[5.(-5)].(x.x).y}{y^2.y}=\dfrac{-25x^2}{y^2}\)
Vậy \(5xy.\sqrt{\dfrac{25x^{2}}{y^{6}}}=\dfrac{-25x^2}{y^2}\).
d) Ta có:
\(0,2x^{3}y^{3}.\sqrt{\dfrac{16}{x^{4}y^{8}}}=0,2x^3y^3.\dfrac{\sqrt{16}}{\sqrt{x^4y^8}}\)
\(=0,2x^3y^3\dfrac{\sqrt{4^2}}{\sqrt{(x^2)^2.(y^4)^2}}\)
\(=0,2x^3y^3.\dfrac{\sqrt{4^2}}{\sqrt{(x^2)^2}.\sqrt{(y^4)^2}}=0,2x^3y^3.\dfrac{4}{|x^2|.|y^4|}\).
Vì \(x \ne 0,\ y \ne 0\) nên \( x^2 > 0\) và \(y^4 > 0\)
\(\Rightarrow |x^2| =x^2\) và \(|y^4|=y^4\).
\( \Rightarrow 0,2x^3y^3.\dfrac{4}{|x^2|.|y^4|}=0,2x^3y^3.\dfrac{4}{x^2y^4}\)
\(=\dfrac{0,2x^3y^3.4}{x^2y^4}\)
\(=\dfrac{(0,2.4).(x^2.x).y^3}{x^2.(y^3.y)}=\dfrac{0,8.x.x^2y^3}{y.x^2y^3}=\dfrac{0,8x}{y}\).
Vậy \(0,2x^{3}y^{3}.\sqrt{\dfrac{16}{x^{4}y^{8}}}=\dfrac{0,8x}{y}\).
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