Cho ba vecto u (x1; y1), vecto v (x2; y2), vecto w (x3; y3). a) Tính vecto u (vecto v + vecto w)

a) Ta có: $\overrightarrow{v}+\overrightarrow{w}=\left(x_2+x_3;y_2+y_3\right)$

$\Rightarrow \overrightarrow{u}\left(\overrightarrow{v}+\overrightarrow{w}\right)=x_1.\left(x_2+x_3\right)+y_1\left(y_2+y_3\right)=x_1{x}_2+x_1{x}_3+y_1.y_2+y_1.y_3$

Ta có: $\overrightarrow{u}.\overrightarrow{v}=x_1.x_2+y_1.y_2,\overrightarrow{u}.\overrightarrow{\text{w}}=x_1.x_3+y_1.y_3$

 $\Rightarrow \overrightarrow{u}.\overrightarrow{v}+\overrightarrow{u}.\overrightarrow{\text{w}}=x_1.x_2+y_1.y_2+x_1.x_3+y_1.y_3$ (2)

b) Từ (1) và (2) suy ra: $\overrightarrow{u}\left(\overrightarrow{v}+\overrightarrow{w}\right)=\overrightarrow{u}.\overrightarrow{v}+\overrightarrow{u}.\overrightarrow{\text{w}}.$

c) Ta có: $\overrightarrow{u}.\overrightarrow{v}=x_1.x_2+y_1.y_2;\overrightarrow{v}.\overrightarrow{u}=x_2.x_1+y_2.y_1=x_1.x_2+y_1.y_2.$

$\Rightarrow \overrightarrow{u}.\overrightarrow{v}=\overrightarrow{v}.\overrightarrow{u}.$